What is it?

Intrathecal pumps, also known as spinal infusion pumps, are implantable medical devices that deliver medication directly into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord. The system consists of a programmable pump—approximately the size of a field hockey puck—surgically implanted beneath the abdominal skin and connected to the spinal space via a flexible catheter.

The device functions by releasing precise, controlled doses of analgesic medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, allowing the drug to act on pain receptors within the spinal cord. This targeted delivery requires significantly lower doses than oral or intravenous administration, maximizing effectiveness while minimizing systemic side effects.

What is it used for and what diseases or chronic pains does it treat?

Intrathecal pumps are indicated for patients with severe chronic pain that does not respond adequately to conservative treatments. The main conditions treated include:

  • Terminal oncologic pain when other analgesics are insufficient
  • Chronic neuropathic pain of spinal origin
  • Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS)
  • Spinal cord injuries with associated neuropathic pain
  • Severe spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy or brain injuries
  • Chronic non-oncologic pain refractory to other treatments
  • Advanced-stage complex regional pain syndrome

This treatment is reserved for cases where pain significantly impacts quality of life and when other therapeutic options have proven inadequate.

Benefits compared to other treatments

Intrathecal pumps offer unique advantages in the management of severe pain:

Superior efficacy: Direct delivery to the central nervous system provides more effective pain relief with minimal medication doses.

Reduced side effects: Bypassing systemic circulation minimizes nausea, sedation, constipation, and other common adverse effects of oral opioids.

Improved quality of life: Patients experience enhanced functionality, better sleep, and greater ability to perform daily activities.

Customizable dosing: The pump allows precise dosage adjustments according to individual patient needs.

Alternative to high doses of opioids: Significantly reduces reliance on powerful oral medications, minimizing risks of tolerance and addiction.

Long-term treatment: Offers sustained pain control for years, improving overall well-being and outlook on life.

Intrathecal pumps represent an advanced therapeutic option for individuals living with otherwise unmanageable chronic pain.

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